Operands and parameters
RegDst- Reg5 scalar destination or discard selector
SrcL- Reg5 scalar source; only bits 31:0 participate
uimm12- unsigned 12-bit immediate
SUBIW performs unsigned-immediate word subtraction and sign-extends the result to XLEN.
PTO-SCALAR-SUBIWsubiw SrcL, uimm, ->{t, u, Rd}| Field | Bits | Signedness | Architectural role | Encoded zero |
|---|---|---|---|---|
RegDst | 5 | encoding-defined | Reg5 scalar destination or discard selector | Encoded zero discards the result and does not modify any GPR or queue. |
SrcL | 5 | encoding-defined | Reg5 scalar source; only bits 31:0 participate | Encoded zero reads the architectural zero GPR. |
uimm12 | 12 | unsigned | unsigned 12-bit immediate | Encoded zero supplies numeric zero. |
Loading WaveDrom diagram… The encoding table and WaveJSON remain available below.
| Decoded item | Bit range | Value |
|---|---|---|
| uimm12 | 31:20 | variable |
| SrcL | 19:15 | variable |
| Constant | 14:12 | 3'b001 |
| RegDst | 11:7 | variable |
| Constant | 6:0 | 7'b0110101 |
{
"reg": [
{
"bits": 7,
"name": "7'b0110101"
},
{
"bits": 5,
"name": "RegDst"
},
{
"bits": 3,
"name": "3'b001"
},
{
"bits": 5,
"name": "SrcL"
},
{
"bits": 12,
"name": "uimm12"
}
],
"config": {
"bits": 32,
"fontsize": 13,
"hspace": 900,
"lanes": 1,
"offset": 0
}
}subiw SrcL, uimm, ->{t, u, Rd}
RegDstSrcLuimm12This Operation comes directly from the instruction owner; the page does not rewrite its behavior.
readonly func InstructionContractOperation_SUBIW() => ScalarOperationbegin return ScalarOperation_SUBIW;end;readonly func InstructionContractHandler_SUBIW() => ScalarSemanticHandlerbegin return ScalarHandler_ScalarBinaryW;end;
pure func InstructionContractImmediateWidth_SUBIW() => integer {1..64}begin return 12;end;
pure func InstructionContractImmediateIsUnsigned_SUBIW() => booleanbegin return TRUE;end;
pure func InstructionContractIsWordOperation_SUBIW() => booleanbegin return TRUE;end;// PTO-INSTRUCTION: {"assembly":["subiw SrcL, uimm, ->{t, u, Rd}"],"block":[],"catalog_indices":[438],"catalog_records":[{"asm":"subiw SrcL, uimm, ->{t, u, Rd}","constraints":[],"encoding":[{"index":0,"mask":"0x0000707f","match":"0x00001035","width_bits":32}],"encoding_kind":"L32","fields":[{"name":"RegDst","pieces":[{"instruction_lsb":7,"value_lsb":0,"width":5}],"signedness":"encoding-defined","width":5},{"name":"SrcL","pieces":[{"instruction_lsb":15,"value_lsb":0,"width":5}],"signedness":"encoding-defined","width":5},{"name":"uimm12","pieces":[{"instruction_lsb":20,"value_lsb":0,"width":12}],"signedness":"unsigned","width":12}],"form_id":"subiw_32_51019ff77d0a","length_bits":32,"mnemonic":"SUBIW","semantic_family":"ALU","semantic_group":"ALU","semantic_handler":"ScalarBinaryW","semantic_summary":"SUBIW subtracts the zero-extended unsigned 12-bit immediate from SrcL[31:0] modulo 2^32, sign-extends the word result to XLEN, and publishes it through RegDst.","status":"accepted"}],"classification":["alu"],"contract":{"block_composition":["none"],"canonical_assembly":["subiw SrcL, uimm, ->{t, u, Rd}"],"defaults":["SrcL, uimm12, and RegDst are required encoded fields; no field can be omitted.","uimm12 is an unsigned 12-bit immediate from 0 through 4095. Encoded zero supplies numeric zero."],"encoding_class":"standalone-encoded","examples":["subiw a0, 1, ->a0","subiw u#1, 4095, ->t","subiw zero, 0, ->zero"],"exceptions":["SUBIW raises no arithmetic exception: word subtraction wraps modulo 2^32 and is sign-extended to XLEN.","A fixed-bit mismatch or unavailable selected T/U source raises Fault_IllegalInstruction before the destination effect and before TPC advances."],"field_contracts":{},"field_zero_meanings":{"RegDst":"Encoded zero discards the result and does not modify any GPR or queue.","SrcL":"Encoded zero reads the architectural zero GPR.","uimm12":"Encoded zero supplies numeric zero."},"legality":["All 32 SrcL encodings are assigned: 0..23 select absolute GPRs, 24..27 select T#1..T#4, and 28..31 select U#1..U#4.","All 32 RegDst encodings are assigned: codes 0 and 24..29 discard, code 30 pushes U, code 31 pushes T, and codes 1..23 write absolute GPRs.","Every unsigned 12-bit immediate from 0 through 4095 is legal; source bits above bit 31 do not affect the result."],"memory_effects":["none"],"operands":[{"field":"RegDst","role":"Reg5 scalar destination or discard selector"},{"field":"SrcL","role":"Reg5 scalar source; only bits 31:0 participate"},{"field":"uimm12","role":"unsigned 12-bit immediate"}],"ordering":["Snapshot SrcL before the destination effect. Repeated source and destination selectors therefore read the pre-instruction value.","Successful execution publishes the sign-extended word result and then advances TPC by four bytes."],"standalone_opcode":true,"state_effects":["Subtract zero-extended uimm12 from SrcL[31:0] modulo 2^32, then sign-extend the 32-bit result to XLEN and publish it through RegDst.","Codes 1..23 write a GPR; codes 0 and 24..29 discard; code 30 pushes U; code 31 pushes T. Source queue selections are non-consuming.","No memory, reservation, descriptor, block, privilege, or control-flow state changes other than TPC advancing by four bytes after success."]},"depends_on":["PTO-BLOCK-MODEL-SCHEMA-PROFILE-ENCODING"],"id":"PTO-SCALAR-SUBIW","mnemonic":"SUBIW","summary":"SUBIW performs unsigned-immediate word subtraction and sign-extends the result to XLEN.","surface":"scalar"}// PTO-REVIEW: {"review_method":"formal-definition-read","outcome":"FORMAL-COMPLETE","reviewed_fields":["assembly","encoding","defaults","operation","state","memory","ordering","faults","reserved"]}// NDF-BEGIN: PTO-SUBIW-ADR-CONTRACT-001// ndf: kind=contract level=L1 layer=scalar status=accepted// Decisions: ADR-0026.// SUBIW MUST snapshot its scalar sources, apply its mnemonic-owned// width, immediate, modifier, and wrapping rule, then publish through the// assigned destination or commit effect in alias-safe order.// NDF-END: PTO-SUBIW-ADR-CONTRACT-001// DOC-BEGIN: decodereadonly func InstructionContractOperation_SUBIW() => ScalarOperationbegin return ScalarOperation_SUBIW;end;// DOC-END: decode// DOC-BEGIN: operationreadonly func InstructionContractHandler_SUBIW() => ScalarSemanticHandlerbegin return ScalarHandler_ScalarBinaryW;end;
pure func InstructionContractImmediateWidth_SUBIW() => integer {1..64}begin return 12;end;
pure func InstructionContractImmediateIsUnsigned_SUBIW() => booleanbegin return TRUE;end;
pure func InstructionContractIsWordOperation_SUBIW() => booleanbegin return TRUE;end;// DOC-END: operation
SUBIW is a 32-bit scalar ALU instruction. It performs subtraction under the low 32-bit word, followed by sign-extension to XLEN result rules; its current instruction contract defines the result publication path and any additional state effect.
Execution snapshots the encoded inputs, then performs subtraction under the low 32-bit word, followed by sign-extension to XLEN result rules, and only afterward performs the destination effects.
RegDst field selects the Reg5 scalar result target or discards the result.SrcL field selects a Reg5 scalar value whose low 32 bits participate.uimm12 field carries the unsigned 12-bit immediate.These roles come from the current instruction contract. T/U sources are read and snapshotted without being removed from their queues; exact encoded-zero meanings appear in the generated defaults below.
Every scalar source is snapshotted before the destination effect. The completed value is then routed through RegDst using the current scalar destination map.
This ALU operation has no memory effect. After its successful architectural effects, TPC advances by 4 bytes.
The operation does not introduce a hidden scalar publication target or an implicit memory access. Architectural changes remain limited to the state effects enumerated by the current contract.
Fixed-width arithmetic follows the operation’s wraparound rule without an arithmetic exception. A fixed-bit mismatch or unavailable selected T/U source raises Fault_IllegalInstruction before publication and before TPC advances.
The generated legality table is authoritative for assigned field values, reserved encodings, and destination discard codes. Decode and source availability are checked before architectural effects.
This example illustrates the current ASL owner and does not replace the normative operation.
For a small SUBIW example, SrcL=7 and uimm12=3 produce 4.
Bodies come from owning ASL. Dragging or buttons change only this page-session view order.
Decisions: ADR-0026. SUBIW MUST snapshot its scalar sources, apply its mnemonic-owned width, immediate, modifier, and wrapping rule, then publish through the assigned destination or commit effect in alias-safe order.
PTO-SUBIW-ADR-CONTRACT-001asl/scalar/alu/SUBIW.asl586678b115249f5eca62ef340cabc9fc3489615c57fe8414d39d34db548ec063e57d276494d337a0a7943ea2c84748428a28995ccfbc0b8d54f11ab62fea539b11 matching entries
PTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-ALIASES-001tests/asl/scalar/alu/SUBIW/scalar-bound-subiw-aliases-001.asl75c6491ba037b2f5c7141a5637a0e0f1ee7f17c9671daaa95f724ff9ffcc1b4cPTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-DECODE-001tests/asl/scalar/alu/SUBIW/scalar-decode-subiw-canonical-001.asl3063789eb6ea908edf26c9bd894f5c91ec3b6c2205549efeff81472dd4040477PTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-RESULT-001tests/asl/scalar/alu/SUBIW/scalar-exec-subiw-result-001.asld82b32458d4846ad20b3165019c0dd7bbeed411962a92051684c75bae76ba857PTO-EVIDENCE-RELEASE-TRACEABILITYPTO-EVIDENCE-RELEASE-TRACEABILITYspec/evidence/release-traceability-readiness.jsonc7327021d39dc67ac5564bc55073b3870a397d79ac8d9648284d56e33bc14a3ePTO-EVIDENCE-INSTRUCTION-CONTRACT-CLOSUREPTO-EVIDENCE-INSTRUCTION-CONTRACT-CLOSUREspec/evidence/instruction-contract-closure.json3ef2bb62421c79dff8fa77a1c7983923b523244b8090812883ef81286ca8106aPTO-EVIDENCE-ARCHITECTURE-READINESSPTO-EVIDENCE-ARCHITECTURE-READINESSspec/evidence/architecture-readiness.json4b0b85199101251bea744e0f3591cc31906909dc80d5ab651c417a936036a004PTO-EVIDENCE-RELEASE-GATE-READINESSPTO-EVIDENCE-RELEASE-GATE-READINESSspec/evidence/release-gate-readiness.jsona0f4d2b6920c08981ea55fd8ef820708a40d4feb5402c5150e8e9ab532d84ce0PTO-EVIDENCE-RELEASE-MANIFESTPTO-EVIDENCE-RELEASE-MANIFESTspec/release-manifest.json1a64c109ed7a90351c41e2a418b3c0ebaf8ad975838986d2101385186b85c0d8Loading ADR-0026…
ADR-0026docs/status/decisions/0026-scalar-alu-totality-and-alias-order.md41d126f224dddc371832120f1b02eab64e426872fdcbea452bad77c90bdec349Loading ADR-0059…
ADR-0059docs/status/decisions/0059-mnemonic-field-encoding-closure.mdf18d13f735cfaf9f2803c754c5818f4af33d1cc42c489f0d9ce060b07bb3a196Loading ADR-0084…
ADR-0084docs/status/decisions/0084-scalar-system-and-queue-operations.mde068992fa81e2c4ac46e492391a2f784141d68e041bf0b9e0586c37217d1e08c{
"classification": [
"alu"
],
"documentation": "docs/scalar/alu/SUBIW.md",
"id": "PTO-SCALAR-SUBIW",
"instruction_contract": {
"artifact": "spec/evidence/instruction-contract-closure.json",
"mnemonic": "SUBIW",
"ndf_clause": "PTO-INST-SCALAR-SUBIW"
},
"mnemonic": "SUBIW",
"readiness_subjects": [
"ADR-0026",
"ADR-0059",
"ADR-0084"
],
"semantic_tests": [
"PTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-ALIASES-001",
"PTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-RESULT-001"
],
"source": "asl/scalar/alu/SUBIW.asl",
"surface": "scalar",
"tests": [
"PTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-ALIASES-001",
"PTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-DECODE-001",
"PTO-AVS-SCALAR-SUBIW-RESULT-001"
]
}0.58.5 · Release candidate7dc8b7e5b121d2b2499a2273bebff29e2cd86812586678b115249f5eca62ef340cabc9fc3489615c57fe8414d39d34db548ec063146a8645c1e37889741de42105e94a0e420fc304fdb26580bb475a70e2b39d4basl/scalar/alu/SUBIW.aslasl/scalar/alu/SUBIW.aslasl/scalar/alu/SUBIW.asl