pto.vshl

pto.vshl is part of the Binary Vector Instructions instruction set.

Summary

Lane-wise left shift: dst[i] = lhs[i] << rhs[i] for each active lane. The shift count is per-lane and unsigned.

Mechanism

Shifts each element of the left-hand vector left by the per-lane count from the right-hand vector. For each lane i where the predicate is true:

\[ \mathrm{dst}_i = \mathrm{lhs}_i \ll \mathrm{rhs}_i \]

The shift count rhs[i] is treated as unsigned. Bits shifted out are discarded. Inactive lanes leave the destination unchanged.

Syntax

PTO Assembly Form

vshl %dst, %lhs, %rhs, %mask : !pto.vreg<NxT>

AS Level 1 (SSA)

%result = pto.vshl %lhs, %rhs, %mask : (!pto.vreg<NxT>, !pto.vreg<NxT>, !pto.mask<G>) -> !pto.vreg<NxT>

AS Level 2 (DPS)

pto.vshl ins(%lhs, %rhs, %mask : !pto.vreg<NxT>, !pto.vreg<NxT>, !pto.mask<G>)
          outs(%result : !pto.vreg<NxT>)

Supported element types: all integer types (i8–i64, u8–u64).

Inputs

Operand Type Description
%lhs !pto.vreg<NxT> Value to be shifted (left operand)
%rhs !pto.vreg<NxT> Per-lane unsigned shift count
%mask !pto.mask<G> Predicate mask; lanes where mask bit is 1 are active

Both source registers MUST have the same integer element type and the same vector width N. The mask width MUST match N.

Expected Outputs

Result Type Description
%result !pto.vreg<NxT> Lane-wise left shift: dst[i] = lhs[i] << rhs[i] on active lanes; inactive lanes are unmodified

Side Effects

This operation has no architectural side effect beyond producing its destination vector register. It does not implicitly reserve buffers, signal events, or establish memory fences.

Constraints

Constraints

  • Type: Integer element types only (no floating-point).
  • Type match: %lhs, %rhs, and %result MUST have identical element types.
  • Width match: All three registers MUST have the same vector width N.
  • Mask width: %mask MUST have width equal to N.
  • Shift count: Shift counts SHOULD stay within [0, bitwidth(T) - 1]; out-of-range behavior is target-defined unless the verifier narrows it further.
  • Active lanes: Only lanes where the mask bit is 1 participate.
  • Inactive lanes: Destination elements at inactive lanes are unmodified.

Exceptions

Exceptions

  • The verifier rejects non-integer element types, type mismatches, width mismatches, or mask width mismatches.
  • Any additional illegality stated in the Binary Vector Instructions instruction set page is also part of the contract.

Target-Profile Restrictions

Target-Profile Restrictions
Element Type CPU Simulator A2/A3 A5
Integer types Simulated Simulated Supported

A5 is the primary concrete profile for the vector instructions.

Performance

A5 Latency

Element Type Latency (cycles) A5 RV
i32 7 RV_VSHL

A2/A3 Throughput

Metric Value Constant
Startup latency 14 A2A3_STARTUP_BINARY
Completion latency 17 A2A3_COMPL_INT_BINOP
Per-repeat throughput 2 A2A3_RPT_2
Pipeline interval 18 A2A3_INTERVAL

Examples

C Semantics

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    dst[i] = src0[i] << src1[i];

MLIR Usage

// Left shift by scalar count (broadcast to all lanes)
%count = pto.vbroadcast %c3 : i32 -> !pto.vreg<64xi32>
%shifted = pto.vshl %data, %count, %active : (!pto.vreg<64xi32>, !pto.vreg<64xi32>, !pto.mask<b32>) -> !pto.vreg<64xi32>

// Per-lane variable shift
%shifted2 = pto.vshl %data, %counts, %active : (!pto.vreg<64xi32>, !pto.vreg<64xi32>, !pto.mask<b32>) -> !pto.vreg<64xi32>